BEVERAGE DETECTIVE

Beverage Detective

What is actually in this bottle?

From water, sugar, sweeteners, caffeine and alcohol to cost, tax and brand premium. Look past the bottle price at what is inside.

AFFORDABILITY BOTTLENECK

Near-identical contents at very different prices: the gap comes from brand, distribution or tax, not what is in the bottle.

Bottleneck examined: Information · Price · causes checked: distribution margins, regulation

What a price bottleneck is · Who made this price — a case is labelled only with evidence.

How to read this

Every number has a source and date. Unpublished values such as production cost or brand margin are never invented and show as Unknown. Drinks are not rated good or bad — only what differs and what that means for price, taste and health.

WATER

Same water — why several times the price?

In KCA’s 2026 survey, bottled waters with the same source, maker and minerals ranged from ₩43 to ₩72 per 100 mL — up to 1.7× by brand.

ProductPer 100 mLvs cheapest
Gaya Water
Cheapest in the Sangju-source group (KCA survey)
₩431.00×
Tamsasu (label-free)
Same Sangju-source group (KCA survey)
₩481.12×
Icis 8.0
Highest price among products with the same source, maker and minerals — 1.7× (67.4%) Tamsasu
₩721.67×

Minerals (maker-published, mg/L)

Jeju Samdasoo
pH 7.8
The maker cites vanadium, silica and pH 7.8, but per-mineral values were not found on its official pages (see the bottle label).
evian
Ca 80 · Mg 26 · Na 6.5 · HCO₃ 360 · TDS 345 · pH 7.2
Perrier
Values not verified
The official product page now redirects to a brand site without a mineral table, so values are left blank until verified.
Chemical difference
Real: evian has 80 mg/L calcium, far above Korean soft waters.
Taste difference
Blind tests found people near chance at telling waters (or tap vs bottled) apart — see studies below.
Health difference
Mineral make-up differs, but this page found no evidence of added health effects from the choice of water.
The rest of the price
With 1.7× between identical waters, brand, packaging and distribution can drive much of the price; their shares are not public.

My water, per 100 mL

₩300 per 100 mL · 7.0× the cheapest surveyed

ZERO & SOFT DRINK

Sugar removed — why is the price the same?

Regular cola (reference)
Price unknown · Sugar 10 g · Caffeine 10.0 mg
Sugar and caffeine per 100 mL · Reference values for regular cola in the KCA report; no product price given.
Coca-Cola Zero
₩2,000 / 355mL · ₩563 per 100 mL · Sugar 0 g
Sugar and caffeine per 100 mL
Pepsi Zero Sugar Lime
₩2,000 / 355mL · ₩563 per 100 mL · Sugar 0 g · Caffeine 13.0 mg
Sugar and caffeine per 100 mL · Highest caffeine of the colas tested (46 mg per can)
No Brand Cola Zero
₩480 / 355mL · ₩135 per 100 mL · Sugar 0 g · Caffeine 3.1 mg
Sugar and caffeine per 100 mL · Cheapest product tested; 11 mg caffeine per can

The same 355 mL of zero cola ranged from ₩480 to ₩2,000 — over 4×. Whether sweetener cost explains price cannot be checked, as production costs are not public.

Aspartame
IARC Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic, limited evidence); JECFA kept the ADI at 40 mg/kg. A 70 kg adult would need more than 9–14 cans a day of a 200–300 mg drink to exceed it (WHO example).
Sweeteners tested
Acesulfame-K 7–20 mg/100 mL (3–13% of a 60 kg adult’s ADI), sucralose 14–27 mg; all met sugar and safety standards.

Aspartame vs ADI (40 mg/kg)

At 200 mg per can, one can = 8% of the ADI; about 12 cans reach it

JUICE

How much real juice is behind the orange on the label?

Fruit/vegetable juice
Concentrate counts after reconstitution with water
95%+ juice
Juice drink
An orange on the label can still mean 10% juice
10–95% juice
Mixed drink
Fruit-flavoured drinks
Under 10% juice

Check the food type (juice vs juice drink) and juice percentage on the back before the fruit picture on the front.

NFC vs concentrate — Food Cost Detective

MILK & DAIRY DRINK

Looks like milk — how much raw milk is in it?

Milk
Pasteurised or sterilised raw milk, incl. fat-adjusted low-fat milk
Reconstituted milk
Dairy products (e.g. powder) rebuilt to resemble raw milk with 8%+ milk solids-not-fat
Processed milk
Raw milk or dairy products with other foods or additives added (chocolate, strawberry milk etc.)

ENERGY & FUNCTIONAL

What are you paying per 100 mg of caffeine?

KCA’s test of 20 energy drinks found caffeine from 1.0 to 162.4 mg (mean 58.1 mg) per product; few labelled their taurine. Current product prices will be added once verified.

Price per 100 mg caffeine

₩2,500 per 100 mg caffeine

ALCOHOL

How each spirit is made, and where its price comes from

Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju) 360mL · 15.7%

Cut from 16% to 15.7% in June 2026; prices below are from Feb 2024 reports

  1. Neutral spirit (95%+ ethanol from fermented, continuously distilled grain, tapioca etc.)
  2. Diluted with purified water
  3. Sweeteners and additives adjust taste
  4. ABV adjusted → bottled

Factory price (after the 2024 tax-base cut): ₩1,115 (2024-01)

Hypermarket: ₩1,380~₩1,480 (2024-02)

Convenience store: ₩1,950~₩2,100 (2024-02)

Restaurant: ₩5,000~₩7,000 (2024-02)

The base spirit is food-grade ethanol, not industrial alcohol.

Hwayo 25 (distilled soju) 375mL · 25%

  1. Rice fermented directly
  2. Vacuum distillation
  3. Aged in onggi (6+ months per retailer)
  4. Diluted and bottled

One liquor retailer (sample): ₩11,800 (2026-10)

Absolut Vodka 700mL · 40%

Systembolaget (Swedish state retailer): 253 SEK (2026-10)

Korean retail price not verified; use the import-tax calculator below to see the tax stack.

Kweichow Moutai Feitian 53% 500mL · 53%

  1. Sorghum and wheat qu
  2. Repeated solid-state fermentation
  3. Multiple distillations
  4. Long storage, then blending

Official i-Moutai direct price (from Jan 2026): 1,499 CNY (2026-01)

Reports describe a wide gap between the 1,499-yuan guide price and 2,500–3,000-yuan street prices, with wholesale near 1,500 yuan in 2026. Production cost is not public.

One bottle of soju, by where you buy it

Factory price (after the 2024 tax-base cut)₩1,115
Hypermarket₩1,380~₩1,480
Convenience store₩1,950~₩2,100
Restaurant₩5,000~₩7,000
Restaurant ÷ hypermarket3.4~5.1×
Restaurant ÷ factory price4.5~6.3×

Restaurant prices include rent, staff, seating, service and profit, so the multiple is not the margin on the drink. Restaurants’ actual purchase prices are not public, so no multiple versus purchase price is shown.

This analyses prices, production and tax; it does not encourage drinking.

ALCOHOL COST PER 10 G

Price per 10 g of pure alcohol

Alcohol (g) = volume (mL) × ABV × 0.789; foreign prices converted at ECB reference rates

Product · channelAlcoholPer 10 g
Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju)
Factory price (after the 2024 tax-base cut) · 2024-01
45g₩250
Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju)
Hypermarket · 2024-02
45g₩309~₩332
Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju)
Convenience store · 2024-02
45g₩437~₩471
Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju)
Restaurant · 2024-02
45g₩1,121~₩1,570
Hwayo 25 (distilled soju)
One liquor retailer (sample) · 2026-10
74g₩1,595
Absolut Vodka
Systembolaget (Swedish state retailer) · 2026-10
221g11.5 SEK
Kweichow Moutai Feitian 53%
Official i-Moutai direct price (from Jan 2026) · 2026-01
209g71.7 CNY

IMPORT TAX

Import tax calculator for alcohol

Customs value₩30,000
Tariff₩6,000
Liquor tax₩25,920
Education tax₩7,776
VAT 10%₩6,970
Total with taxes₩76,666

Taxes are 61% of the total — 2.56× the customs value

Tariffs depend on HS code, origin and FTA proof — check UNI-PASS before declaring. Domestic spirits get a reduced tax base via the standard sales ratio. Importer, wholesale and retail margins are not included.

BLIND TESTS

Can people actually tell the difference?

Fine-water blind test
100+ participants were only slightly better than chance at telling four bottled waters apart; price and rating were unrelated or weakly negative, and telling tap from bottled was at chance level.
Tap vs bottled beliefs
Neither tap-water nor bottled-water drinkers could tell the two apart blind.
Do pricier wines taste better?
6,175 blind tastings: a small negative price–rating correlation; trained tasters may be the exception.

LABEL DECODER

Label decoder

From concentrate

Juice concentrated by removing water, then rebuilt with water; NFC is never concentrated

Juice drink

10–95% juice; not legally “juice”

Reconstituted milk

Milk rebuilt from powder etc., 8%+ solids-not-fat

Processed milk

Raw milk or dairy products with other ingredients added

Diluted soju

Food-grade 95%+ neutral spirit diluted with water and flavour-adjusted

Distilled soju

Soju distilled directly from a fermented mash (rice etc.)

Zero sugar

Sugar removed to labelling thresholds; not necessarily 0 kcal (tested: 0.5–9 kcal per 100 mL)

More label codes in Number Detective

COMPARE

Compare (up to 4)

Chamisul Fresh (diluted soju) Korea

Size · ABV
360mL · 15.7%
Price
₩1,115 (Factory price (after the 2024 tax-base cut))
Per 100 mL
₩310
Per 10 g alcohol
₩250
Sugar/100 mL
—
Sweetener
—
Method
Neutral spirit (95%+ ethanol from fermented, continuously distilled grain, tapioca etc.) → Diluted with purified water → Sweeteners and additives adjust taste → ABV adjusted → bottled
Production cost · brand margin
Unknown

Hwayo 25 (distilled soju) Korea

Size · ABV
375mL · 25%
Price
₩11,800 (One liquor retailer (sample))
Per 100 mL
₩3,147
Per 10 g alcohol
₩1,595
Sugar/100 mL
—
Sweetener
—
Method
Rice fermented directly → Vacuum distillation → Aged in onggi (6+ months per retailer) → Diluted and bottled
Production cost · brand margin
Unknown

Absolut Vodka Sweden

Size · ABV
700mL · 40%
Price
253 SEK (Systembolaget (Swedish state retailer))
Per 100 mL
Unknown
Per 10 g alcohol
—
Sugar/100 mL
—
Sweetener
—
Method
—
Production cost · brand margin
Unknown

Kweichow Moutai Feitian 53% China

Size · ABV
500mL · 53%
Price
1499 CNY (Official i-Moutai direct price (from Jan 2026))
Per 100 mL
Unknown
Per 10 g alcohol
—
Sugar/100 mL
—
Sweetener
—
Method
Sorghum and wheat qu → Repeated solid-state fermentation → Multiple distillations → Long storage, then blending
Production cost · brand margin
Unknown